Easter - Пасха, устная тема по английскому языку с переводом. Топик

Easter is one of the most important holidays of the year. Easter is the day when Jesus Christ resurrected . Usually this holiday is celebrated on one of Sundays in spring. Easter eggs and Easter cakes (or paskhas ) are the traditional symbols of the religious holiday. Paskha is a traditional dessert served in Russia as well as other Eastern European countries. The name of the dish comes from “Pascha“, the eastern orthodox celebration of Easter.

On that day the religious people go to church and listen to the ceremony . Usually they bring with them Easter eggs, salt, Easter cakes, butter, cheese and ham. Some people prefer to bake Easter cakes themselves and others buy paskhas at bakery.

The priest in the church consecrates all the food: many people believe that Easter eggs possesses magic power and can protect from evil, thunder or fire and have healing powers .

In the morning after the end of the ceremony, everyone greet each other with the words “Khrystos voskres!” (Christ is risen!). The proper response is “Voyistino voskres,” (Indeed he is risen). Once the ceremony is over, every family goes home for breakfast, to partake of the blessed food .

Easter Sunday is a day of singing and eating. Many people visit their friends and relatives and exchange Easter eggs. All people celebrate Easter as the beginning of spring, too. This tradition is connected with much older pre-Christian rite . On that day, people celebrated the return of springtime and the sun.

Перевод текста Easter. Пасха

Пасха – это один из наиболее важных праздников в году. Пасха – это день когда Иисус Христос воскрес. Обычно этот праздник отмечается весной в одно из воскресений. Пасхальные яйца и пасхальные куличи (или паски) – традиционные символы религиозного праздника. Паска является традиционным десертом, который подают в России и в других странах восточной Европы. Название блюда происходит от слова «Пасха», восточного православного празднования Пасхи.

В этот день верующие идут в церковь и слушают службу. Обычно они приносят с собой пасхальные яйца, соль, пасхальные куличи, масло, сыр и ветчину. Некоторые люди предпочитаю печь пасхальные куличи самостоятельно, а другие покупают паски в булочной.

Священник в церкви освящает всю еду: многие люди верят, что пасхальные яйца обладают магической силой и могут защищать от зла, грома или огня и имеют лечебные свойства.

Утром после окончания службы, все приветствуют друг друга словами «Христос воскрес!» Правильным ответом является – «Воистину воскрес». Как только церемония заканчивается, каждая семья идет домой завтракать, чтобы съесть освященную пищу.

Пасхальное воскресенье – это день пения и еды. Многие люди ходят в гости к своим друзьям и родственникам и обмениваются пасхальными яйцами. К тому же все празднуют Пасху, как начало весны. Эта традиция связанна с гораздо более древним дохристианским обрядом. В этот день, люди праздновали возвращение весны и солнца.

Дополнительные выражения

Jesus Christ – Иисус Христос
to resurrect – воскрешать
Easter egg – пасхальное яйцо
Easter cake – (пасхальный) кулич
paskha – паска (блюдо)
ceremony – церемония, служба
healing power – лечебное свойство
to partake – съесть, отведать
blessed food – освященная пища (еда)
pre-Christian rite – дохристианский обряд

Все мы любим праздники, а дети — в особенности. Для детей праздники — это веселье, радость, много внимания и подарков. Самый светлый праздник, который мы празднуем в году — это Пасха или на английском Easter . Как провести урок на тему «Пасха» на английском языке?

Пасха в православии и католичестве (англоязычные страны) во многом отличается: датой, обрядами, обычаями. Но кое-что остается общим: люди идут в церковь, отстаивают службу, освящают куличи и яйца, встречаются с родными и друзьями. Сегодняшний наш урок хотелось бы посвятить этому прекрасному празднику, а заодно и повторить прошедшее время (Past Simple) глагола to be.

Расскажем о Пасхе!

Все мы знаем, откуда и как появился этот светлый праздник. Поэтому мы не будем останавливаться на происхождении Пасхи, а сразу перейдем к рекомендациям о том, как провести урок английского языка для детей на эту тему.

Для начала поговорите с ребятами о весенних праздниках, спросите, какие праздники они знают. Спросите, как передает английский язык эти праздники (Mother"s Day, Victory’s Day). Затем переходите к Пасхе, ознакомьте детей с этим праздником. Это можно сделать приблизительно так:

Hello, children! Today we speak about a very beautiful holiday — Easter. It is a religious holiday. It is celebrated in spring, in April or May. In this day we remember Jesus Christ, go to church and congratulate our friends. — Здравствуйте, дети! Сегодня мы говорим об очень красивом празднике — Пасхе. Это религиозный праздник. Он отмечается весной, в апреле или в мае. В этот день мы вспоминаем Иисуса Христа, идем в церковь и поздравляем наших друзей.

Не забывайте о словарной работе. К вам на урок придут на помощь следующие слова:

Easter cake/ egg — пасхальный кулич/ пасхальное яйцо
Candle — свеча
Church — церковь
Easter — Пасха
Jesus Christ — Иисус Христос
Holiday — праздник

Некоторые английские слова можно снабдить картинками и рисунками, изображающими их. Составьте вместе с ребятами предложения с данными словами. Например:

We cook Easter cakes for Easter. — Мы печем куличи на Пасху
At night we go to church; there we light candles. — Ночью мы идем в церковь; там мы зажигаем свечи
Easter is the most beautiful holiday in the year. — Пасха — самый красивый праздник в году.

Ознакомив детей с новыми словами, можно переходить к чтению текста. Прочитайте вместе с ребятами примерно такой английский текст и поработайте над ним все вместе:

Easter is in spring. It’s a great holiday. Easter is on Sunday. We remember Jesus Christ on this day. We go to church on Easter night. We light candles there. Mothers and grandmothers make Easter cakes and paint Easter eggs. Families meet on this holiday. We like Easter very much.

Текст можно перевести дословно или синхронно, найти новые слова в нем, обсудить его всем вместе. После совместной работы над текстом, можно задать ребятам вопрос, и пусть каждый выскажет свое мнение:
Do you like Easter? Why? — Ты любишь Пасху? Почему?

Complete the sentences (заполните предложения по тексту):

_____________is a spring holiday.
We remember _______ _______ at Easter.
We go to______.
We light ________there.
We eat Easter _________ at Easter.
Families _______ on this holiday.

Такое задание поможет детям восстановить в памяти текст, вспомнить и закрепить слова, встречающиеся в тексте. После этого пусть ребята перескажут текст по памяти, предварительно прочитав его еще раз. Празднование Пасхи — урок на английском

Что использовать на уроке?

Кроме предложенного нами материала, вы можете использовать всевозможные картинки и иллюстрации, аудио-видео материалы по теме, тексты, рассказы, загадки, высказывания, пословицы и поговорки, стихи и песни о Пасхе. Например, такие пословицы:

Rain at Easter gives slim fodder.
Late Easter, long, cold spring.
Past Easter frost, fruit not lost.

Или стихи на английском языке. Разучите их вместе с ребятами, разнообразьте урок, сделайте его настоящим праздником!

Скачать Стихи о Пасхе на английском

Повторяем глагол To be!

Посвящая урок теме Пасхи, одновременно можно повторить прошедшее время глагола To be. Это будет весьма полезно для детей.

Напоминаем его спряжение на английском языке:

I/he/she was
We/you/they were
Was I/he/she?
Were we/you/they?
I/he/she wasn’t
We/you/they weren’t

Используя Past Simple глагола To be , ребята могут рассказать на английском языке о том, как они праздновали Пасху в прошлом году, например:

— Last spring we celebrated Easter with our family. It was very interesting and joyful. We went to church. After that we came home and ate eggs and cakes. The day was very warm and beautiful. The trees were green, somewhere there were flowers. We met our friends and congratulated them. We spent the holiday altogether. I was very glad. We were very happy!
— Прошлой весной мы праздновали Пасху с семьей. Это было очень интересно и весело. Мы пошли в церковь. Потом мы вернулись домой и поели яиц и куличей. День был очень теплым и красивым. Деревья были зеленые, кое-где уже были цветы. Мы встретили наших друзей и поздравили их. Мы провели праздник все вместе. Я был очень рад. Мы были счастливы!

Также, можно попросить ребят составить предложения на английском языке на тему этого праздника, с использованием глагола «быть» в прошедшем времени.

Приурочить к теме праздника можно и английский алфавит, если это младшие классы. Попросите ребят вспомнить английский алфавит; затем попросите их назвать пасхальные слова на буквы E, C, J . Подскажите ребятам, если они успели уже забыть слова.

В общем, форм и методов работы — великое множество, главное, чтобы было интересно и увлекательно. Отметьте этот праздник весело и светло!

Celebrating Easter, seeing the happy faces of people around, hearing the joyful announcements “Christ is risen”, and, on the whole, enjoining these God-blessed sunny spring days, let us pause for a moment and ponder on some of the moral lessons given us by Jesus.

We well know that Christianity is ethical through and through, but strange as it may seem, the moral teaching of Christ himself is not very circumstantial. On the contrary, He appears rather terse on these matters, and it is in His deeds, not words, that the larger part of His mission found its expression. As a person, with all His inclinations and intentions, He does not seem to be a determined moral reformer, not to speak of a revolutionary; and he was not in the least a scholar or a man of letters. He wrote nothing. He mowed quietly and slowly along the highways and among the villages of Galilee and Judea and spoke to people not about any intricate problems of human existence, or theology, or the mysteries of life and death, but about things which belonged to the realm of daily life; and the words he chose for that were the words of common men, not those of a professor of ethics.

He summed up His “theology” in an amazingly short and simple phrase “God is love”; and meeting people He very often did not teach them, as He actually did from time to time, but offered them a ready sympathy and understanding, even to the degraded and the outcast. To them He spoke in the language of tolerance and benevolence, forgiveness and mercy. That was His love – and that was the beginning of the moral revolution that transformed the world.

2. When is a Easter?

The greatest Christian festival of the year is Easter. It is either in March or in April, and millions of people joyously observe Christ’s resurrection. This holy day never comes before March 22 or after April 25.

When is an Easter? That, of course, is celebrated on the first Sunday after the paschal moon, which is the first full moon that occurs on or next after the vernal equinox, March, 21st. So all you need to do is look at the sky? Afraid not. For the moon in question is not the real moon, but a hypothetical moon. This one goes round the earth one month in 29 days, the next in 30 days, though with certain modifications to make the date of both the real and fictional full moons coincide as nearly as possible. It yields a date for Easter that can be as early as March 22nd and as late as April 25th. Today, Easters variability suits antiquarians, and the makers of pocket diaries, many of which devote a Full page to the calculation of Easter in perpetuity. But, nearly 1,700 years on, it does not suit those in (mostly European) countries such as Britain and Germany where both Good Friday and Easter Monday are public holidays. Early Easters are too cold to enjoy. Late Easters are jammed up against the May Day public holiday.

3. Eastertide

Passion Sunday or Care Sunday two Sundays before Easter, is still known as Carling Sunday in parts of the north of England. Carlings are small dried peas, which are soaked in water overnight and then fried in an almost dry pan – when they start to burst they are ready. Greengrocers sell them, pubs serve them, and people eat them at home in a basin with a small piece of butter and plenty of pepper and salt. There seems to be no good reason, apart from the strength of the tradition, why they are eaten on this day.

Palm Sunday is the Sunday before Easter; for people near Marlborough in Wiltshire it meant following a long-established custom in which willow hazel sprays – representing palm – were carried up Martinsell Hill.

Maundy Thursday is the Thursday before Easter: the ‘royal maundy’ describes the gift which for the last five hundred ears or so has been given out by the sovereign on Maundy Thursday to as many men and woman as there are years in his or her age. Once it was clothing which was given out, now it is a sum of money; on odd – numbered years the ceremony usually takes place at Westminster Abbey, in even – numbered ones at a church or cathedral elsewhere in the country – though 1989 seems to have been an exception, for the distribution took place at Birmingham Cathedral in honor of the centenary of the city’s incorporation.

On Good Friday, the day of the crucifixion, hot cross buns are always eaten as a sign of remembrance, and in some baker’s shops and supermarkets they are on sale for many weeks before. It is a nationwide tradition, though hot cross buns were unknown in some places – Bath, for example – until the twentieth century. The buns may in fact pre – date Christianity, since bread consecrated to the Roman gods was marked with lines intersecting at right angels.

People celebrate the holiday according to the beliefs and their religious denominations. Christians commemorate Good Friday as the day that Jesus Christ died and Easter Sunday as the day that He was resurrected. Protestant settlers brought the custom of a sunrise service, a religious gathering at dawn, to the United States.

Today on Easter Sunday, children wake up to find that the Easter Bunny has left them baskets of candy. He has also hidden the eggs that they decorated earlier that week. Children hunt for the eggs all around the house. Neighborhoods and organizations hold Easter egg hunts, and the child who finds the most eggs wins a prize.

In England, children rolled eggs down hills on Easter morning, a game which has been connected to the rolling away of the rock from Jesus Christ’s tomb when He was resurrected. British settlers brought this custom to the New World.

One unusual Easter Sunday tradition can be seen at Radley, near Oxford, where parishioners ‘clip’ or embrace their church – they join hands and make a human chain round it. It is Easter Monday, however, which sees a veritable wealth of traditional celebrations throughout the country: to name bat’ a few, there is morris dancing in many tows, including a big display at Thaxted in Essex; orange rolling, perhaps a descendant of egg roiling, which takes place on Dunstable Downs in Bedfordshire; and for perhaps eight hundred years or more there has been a distribution of food at the Kent village of Biddenden, ten miles from Ashford.

Then there is Leicestershire’s famous hare – pie scramble and bottle – kicking which also takes place on Easter Monday; and another custom kept up in many parts of England and Wales and called ‘lifting’ or ‘heaving’ was taken by some to symbolize Christ’s resurrection. On Easter Monday the men lifted any woman they could find, and the women reciprocated the following day; the person was taken by the four limbs and lifted three times to shoulder height. When objections were made that this was ‘a rude, indecent and dangerous diversion’ a chair bedecked with ribbons and flowers was used instead – it was lifted with its victim, turned three times, and put down.

The Easter parade

The origin of this very picturesque traditional occasion, known affectionately as Easter Parade and starting at 3 o’clock in the afternoon of Easter Sunday, is not as remote, or mysterious, as many of the traditions and customs of England; there is no religious, or superstitious significance attached to it whatsoever.

In 1858 Queen Victoria gave it the ultimate cachet of respectability and class by paying it a state visit in the spring. For the occasion she wore, of course, a new spring bonnet and gown. This set the fashion for a display each spring of the newest fashions in millinery and gowns, and from then onwards that traditions has expanded; every society lady vied with her rivals to appear in something more spectacular than anything that had seen before.

4. Easter egg and Easter hare

An egg has a symbolical meaning in many centuries. It’s well known that eggs had a special significance even in the times of ancient Romans. Eggs were their first disk during meals (“ab ovo”) and they were also in the center of competition as a memory of Zeus’s sons, who hatched from eggs. Such competition took place in France, Germany, and Switzerland. Eggs was a sign of hope, life fertility even in the early epoch. In Christianity, the Lord’s gift, which has begun in Jesus Christ. Eggs’ spreading as the Easter symbols turned to be possible because they sewed as an original rent or as a tax. The Easter was one of the days when this pay could be accomplished.

Excavations witness that traditions of paintings on eggs have been existing for 5000 years and have their regional peculiarities. Especially in Slavonic countries eggs are decorated with many colored pictures of Christian motives. As expensive souvenirs it was a habit to give eggs made of noble metals, marble, was and wood.

The Easter hare, which, children believe, brings the Easter eggs, may be understood as a transformed Easter lamb. In those places, where there was no sheepbreeding, a hare substituted for a sheep in the Raster meal. Due to its ability not to sleep the hare become a symbol of resurrection of Jesus Christ.

Easter Eggs

Wherever Easter is celebrated, there Easter eggs are usually to be found. In their modern form, they are frequently artificial, mere imitations of the real thing, made of chocolate or marzipan or sugar, or of two pieces of coloured and decorated cardboard fitted together to make an eggs-shaped case containing some small gift. These are the Easter eggs of commerce, which now appear in shop-windows almost as soon as, and sometimes even before, Ash Wednesday is past, and by so doing lose much of their original festival significance.

This is a real egg, hard-boiled, died in bright colours, and sometimes elaborately decorated. In still appears upon countless breakfast-tables on Eater Day, or is hidden about the house and garden for the children to find. In some European countries, including England, the Easter Hare is said to bring the Easter eggs, and to conceal them in odd corners of the gardens, stables, or outbuildings.

Because eggs are obvious symbols of continuing life and resurrection, the pagan peoples of ancient China, Egypt, Greece, and Persia used them, centuries before tile first Easter Day, at the great Spring Festivals, when the revival of all things in Nature was celebrated.

Colouring and decorating the festival eggs seems to have been customary since time immemorial. And old Polish legend says that Our Lady herself painted eggs red, blue, and green to amuse the Infant Jesus, and that since then all good polish mothers have done the same at Easter. A Romanian tale says that the vivid red shade, which is a favorite almost everywhere, represents the blood of Christ.

There are many ways of tinting and decorated the eggs, some simple and some requiring a high degree of skill. They can be dipped into a prepared dye or, more usually boiled in it, or they may be boiled inside a covering of onion-peel. Ordinary commercial dyes are often used today for coloring, but originally only natural ones, obtained from flowers, leaves, mosses, bark, wood-chips, or other sources, were employed. In England, gorse-blossom was commonly used for yellow, cochineal for scarlet, and logwood-chips for a rich purple.

In Switzerland, minute flowers and leaves are sometimes laid on the egg underneath the onion-peel to make a white flower-pattern on the yellow or brown surface.

The decoration of Easter eggs is a traditional peasant art in Eastern and Central Europe. Favorite designs vary in different regions. In Hungary, red flower-patterns on a white ground are often seen; sometimes the decorated eggs are fitted with tiny metal shoes, with minute spurs attached, and curious little metal hangers. In Yugoslavia, the letters XV usually form part of the design. They stand for Christos Vaskrese, meaning ‘Christ is risen’, which is the traditional Easter greeting of Easter Europe. Russian eggs are sometimes elaborately decorated with miniature picture of the saints, or of Our Lord. Polish designs are often geometrical, or abstract, or they may include Christian symbols, like the Gross or Fish, mixed with pagan emblems of new life. Painted eggs of this type, know as pisanki, always appear on the Easter Table.

In some East European countries, scarlet eggs, as symbols of resurrection, are placed on, or buried in, the graves of the family dead. The latter custom was known in northern England until about the middle of last century. One or two of the most beautifully ornamented Pace-eggs – the name by which Easter eggs are still most commonly called in the northern counties – would be saved and kept in tall ale – glasses in a corner cupboard, or some other place where they could be easily seen. In Scotland, Easter eggs are often called Peace or Paiss eggs. ‘Pace’ and ‘Paiss’ are all corruptions of Pasch, or Paschal, of which the original root is the Hebrew word pisach meaning Passover.

In parts of Germany during the early 1880s, Easter eggs substituted for birth certificates. An egg was dyed a solid color, then a design, which included the recipient’s name and birth date, was etched into the shell with a needle or sharp tool. Such Easter eggs were honored in law courts as evidence of identity and age.

Easter Bunny

That a rabbit, or more accurately a hare, became a holiday symbol can be traced to the origin of the word “Easter”. According to the Venerable Bede, the English historian who lived from 672 to 735, the goddess Easter was worshiped by the Anglo – Saxons through her earthly symbol, the hare.

The custom of the Easter hare came to America with the Germans who immigrated to Pennsylvania in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.

From Pennsylvania, they gradually spread out to Virginia, North and South Carolina, Tennessee, New York, and Canada, taking their customs with them. Most eighteenth – century Americans, however, were of more austere religious denominations, such as Quaker, Presbyterian, and Puritan. They virtually ignored such a seemingly frivolous symbol as a white rabbit. More than a hundred years passed before this Teutonic Easter tradition began to gain acceptance in America. In fact, it was not until after the Civil War, with its Legacy of death and destruction, that the nation as a whole began a widespread observance of Easter it self, led primarily by Presbyterians. They viewed the story of resurrection as a source of inspiration and renewed hope for the millions of bereaved Americans.

5. Thoughts from Ireland

By tradition, Good Friday has always been a day of mourning and fasting, for decorating churches with branches of yew (palm) and other evergreens, and the ceremonial distribution of gifts to the poor.

Many Christians fast and attend services between noon and 3 p. m., the hours Jesus is believed to have spent on the cross, since the day commemorates the crucifixion of Jesus.

On Easter Sunday the churches are beautifully decorated with white lilies. Joyful religious music is heard and sermons ring with hope. Children and their parents traditionally attend church, usually wearing new spring clothes. The mothers and their daughters wear colorful flowered hats. Many other traditions and popular customs, which probably go back to pagan times, are also associated with Easter throughout Europe, for example, the sending of Easter cards and the giving of Easter eggs. Eggs are a symbol of life and fertility or recreation of spring. It was not however until the 19th century, that the practice of giving and exchanging eggs at Easter was introduced in England.

Easter custom, the barrels are gratefully emptied by the participants. In London there is Easter Parade in Battersea Park. What used to be merely an occasion for sporting the latest fashions in the park on Easter Sunday has now developed into one of the most spectacular carnival processions of the year, with military bands, decorated floats, Easter Princess, and all.

Another thing English people traditionally eat at Easter is hot cross-buns. One would hardly use them to cure whooping cough, but in bygone days buns, which had been baked on Good Friday, were thought to have magical healing powers. Because of the spices they contain, hot cross-buns seldom go moldy, and even today country housewives hang a few from the kitchen beams to dry. When needed, the buns can be powdered, mixed with milk or water and given as a medicine. Of course, for the magic cure to work, they have to be buns that were actually baked on Good Friday. For Easter dinners at family reunions Englishmen traditionally eat baked ham or chicken with a famous English apple-pie to follow/

For a good apple pie you will need :

1 lb apples (500 gm)
4 oz flour (100 gm)
2 oz butter or margarine (50 gm)
3 oz sugar (75 gm)
2 oz sultans (50 gm)
1 oz chopped nuts (25 gm)
1-teaspoon cinnamon.

Now you can make a real English apple – pie. Here are the instructions. Put them in the correct order, and number the instructions 1 to 6:

Mix the nuts, sultanas, cinnamon and half the sugar with the apples. Bake in a medium oven (300F) for 30 minutes. Peel and core the apples. Cut them into small pieces and put them into a baking dish. Sieve the flour into a mixing bowl. Sprinkle the mixture over the apples.

Rub the soft butter into the flour with your finger – tips. When the butter melts, the mixture will look like bread – crumbs. Add the rest of the sugar. And now serve the pie hot with cream. Enjoy it! And as Russians say, Christ is risen! Expecting the answer, Christ is risen indeed!

6. Easter in England

Easter it is a time for the giving and receiving of presents which traditionally take the form of an Easter egg and hot cross buns. The Easter egg is by far the most popular emblem of Easter, but fluffy little chicks, baby rabbits and spring time flowers like daffodils, dangling catkins and the arum lily are also used to signify the Nature"s awakening.

Nowadays Easter eggs are usually made of chocolate or marzipan or sugar. True Easter eggs are hard-boiled, dyed in bright colours, and sometimes elaborately decorated. Colouring and decorating the festival eggs seems to have been customary since time immemorial They can be dipped into a prepared dye or, more usually, boiled in it, or they may be boiled inside a covering of onion peel Natural dyes are often used for coloring today. They are obtained from flowers, leaves, mosses, bark, and wood-chips.

Egg-rolling is a traditional Easter pastime which still flourishes in Britain. It takes place on Easter Sunday or Monday, and consists of rolling coloured, hard-boiled eggs down a slope until they are cracked and broken after which they are eaten by their owners. In some districts this is a competitive game. But originally egg-rolling provided an opportunity for divination. Each player marked his or her egg with an identifying sign and then watched to see how it sped down the slope. If it reached the bottom unscathed, the owner could expect good luck in the future, but if it was broken, unfortune would follow before the year was out, Eating hot cross buns at breakfast on Good Friday morning is a custom which is also flourishing in most English households. Formerly, these round, cakes marked with a cross, eaten hot, were made by housewives who rose at dawn; for the purpose, or by local bakers who worked through the night to have them ready for delivery to their customers in time for breakfast. There is an old belief that the true Good Friday bun - that is, one made on the anniversary itself - never goes moldy, if kept in a dry place. It was once also supposed to have curative powers, especially for ailments like dysentery, diarrhea, whooping cough, and the complaint known as "summer sickness". Within living memory, it was still quite usual in country districts for a few buns to be hung from the kitchen ceiling until, they are needed. When illness came the bun was finely grated and mixed with milk or water, to make a medicine, which the patient drank.

7. Easter in Ukraine and Russia

In Ukrainian, Easter is called Velikden (The Great Day). It has been celebrated over a long period of history and has many rich folk traditions that are no longer fully preserved. The last Sunday before Easter (Palm Sunday) is called Willow Sunday (Verbna nedilia). On this day pussy-willow branches are blessed in the church. The people tap one another with these branches, repeating the wish: ‘Be as tall as the willow, as healthy as the water, and as rich as the earth’.

The week before Easter, the Great Week (Holy Week), is called the White or Pure Week. During this time an effort is made to finish all fieldwork before Thursday, since from Thursday on work is forbidden. On the evening of ‘Pure’ (also called ‘Great’ or ‘Passion’ ) Thursday, the passion (strasti) service is performed, after which the people return home with lighted candles. Maundy Thursday, called ‘the Eater of the dead’ in eastern Ukraine and Russia, is connected with the cult of the dead, who are believed to meet in the church on that night for the Divine Mass.

On Passion (Strasna) Friday – Good Friday – no work is done. In some localities, the Holy Shroud (plashchanytsia) is carried solemnly three times around the church and, after appropriate services, laid out for public veneration. For three days the community celebrates to the sound of bells and to the singing of spring songs – vesnianky. Easter begins with the Easter matins and high mass, during which the pasky (traditional Easter breads) and pysanky and krashanky (decorated or colored Easter eggs) are blessed in the church. Butter, lard, cheese, roast-suckling pigs, sausage, smoked meat, and little napkins containing poppy seeds, millet, salt, pepper, and horseradish are also blessed. After the matins all the people in the congregation exchange Easter greetings, give each other krashanky, and then hurry home with their baskets of blessed food.

The pysanky and krashanky are an old pre-Christian element and have an important role in the Eater rites. They are given as gifts or exchanged as a sign of affection, and their shells are put in water for the rakhmany (peaceful souls); finally, they are placed on the graves of the dead or buried in graves and the next day are taken out and given to the poor. Related to the exchange of krashanky is the rite of sprinkling with water, which is still carried on in Western Ukraine. During the Easter season in Ukraine and Russia the cult of the dead is observed. The dead are remembered on Maundy Thursday and also during the whole week after Easter. For the commemoration of the dead (provody) the people gather in the cemetery by the church, bringing with them a dish containing some food and liquor or wine, which they consume, leaving the rest at the graves.

Список литературы

Газета “The English”, April №14/1996.
Газета “The English”, March №12/1997.
Газета “The English”, March №12/1995.
Газета “English Learner’s digest”, April, 1995.
Газета “English Learner’s digest”, April, 1997.

Александрова Ольга. Михайловская школа, Михайловка, Цивильский район, Чувашия, Россия
Сочинение на английском языке с переводом. Номинация Прочее.

Easter

Easter is a Christian holiday. It is celebrated in April. Easter is a happy holiday and I like it very much. This holiday is devoted to Jesus Christ and his returning to life. People are so glad about it that they give each other different presents. In England children especially like to get chocolate rabbits. Russian children also get many sweet and tasty thigs on this day. In the morning people go to church. It is a family holiday,so after the church they visit their relatives and say each other: Christ is risen! - Indeed risen! Then they get together in one house, exchange Easter eggs and have a nice dinner.

Пасха - это христианский праздник. Он отмечается в апреле. Пасха - это весёлый праздник и он мне очень нравится. Этот праздник посвящён Иисусу Христосу и его воскрешению. Люди так рады этому, что дарят друг другу разные подарки. В Англии дети особенно любят получать шоколадных зайцев. Русские дети также получают много сладкого и вкусного в этот день. Утром люди ходят в церковь. Пасха - семейный праздник, поэтому после церкви они навещают своих родственников и говорят друг другу: Христос Воскрес! - Воистину Воскрес! После этого они вместе собираются в одном доме, обмениваются пахальными яйцами и имеют вкусный обед.

На английском языке	Перевод на русский язык
Easter	Пасха
Easter is one of the most important Christian holidays. The exact date of the holiday changes from year to year but it usually falls on April. Preparation for Easter starts seven weeks before the actual holiday. It’s called the advent of Lent. Many Christian people don’t eat meat and animal products during this period. The week before Easter is quite busy because people start thoroughly preparing for the holiday. The traditions of Easter celebration vary from country to country. For example, in our country the Sunday before Easter is called a Willow Sunday. On this day people bring home some willow branches which have been blessed in church. Thursday before Easter is called Clean Thursday. Traditionally people should bathe before sunrise on this day. Houses and flats should be cleaned too. There is also a Good Friday. It’s the day when women bake Easter bread called “paska” or “paskha”. On Saturday children dye Easter eggs, which are called “pysankas”. In the evening people go to church for the Easter mass, which lasts all night. Sunday is the actual day of Easter. People visit each other on this day and exchange colourful “pysankas”. In English-speaking countries the official symbol of this holiday is Easter bunny. Children are especially fond of this day because they get lots of chocolate and fluffy bunnies as a present.	Пасха является одним из самых важных христианских праздников. Точная дата праздника меняется из года в год, однако обычно это выпадает на апрель. Подготовка к Пасхе начинается за семь недель до самого праздника. Это время появления Великого Поста. Многие христиане не едят мясо и продукты животного происхождения в этот период. Неделя до Пасхи довольно загруженная, потому что люди начинают основательно готовиться к празднику. Традиции празднования Пасхи различны во всех странах. Например, в нашей стране воскресенье перед Пасхой называется Вербным воскресеньем. В этот день люди приносят домой несколько веточек вербы, освещенные в церкви. Четверг перед Пасхой называется Чистый четверг. Традиционно в этот день люди должны искупаться до восхода солнца. Дома и квартиры должны быть также убраны. Существует также Страстная пятница. Это день, когда домохозяйки пекут пасхальный кулич под названием “паска” или “пасха”. В субботу дети красят пасхальные яйца, которые называются “писанками”. Вечером люди идут в церковь на пасхальную службу, которая длится всю ночь. Воскресенье – это день Пасхи. Люди ходят друг к другу в гости в этот день и обмениваются красочными “писанками”. В англоязычных странах официальным символом этого праздника является Пасхальный кролик. Дети особенно любят этот день, потому что они получают много шоколадных и пушистых кроликов в подарок.

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